Thursday, March 22, 2018

24 QUALITIES OF A MUQADAM

SUBLIME QUALITIES A TRUE MUQADAM MUST POSSESS
Compiled by: Sayyidi Aliyyu Uthman Bashir Niasse (Otori ozodu)


Muqaddam is a person who is authorised/licensed to give tariqa and to hold a mureed's hand (i.e. guide the mureed) during his travel on the path to the door of Allah.

There are two types of Taqdeem/Muqadamship;

1-Muqayyid (Limited)
2-Mutlaq (Unlimited)

1. Muqayyid (Limited):- is a type of taqdeem in which a sheikh or khalifa authorises someone to be a muqaddam, but he will tell you to give tariqa to a certain number of people only, this may vary from 50, 100, etc. or lesser than that, without giving such person any asraar(secrets) of the tariq(spiritual path).

2-Mutlaq (Unlimited):- is kind of taqdim that your sheikh gives you permission to give tariqa and it's Asraar (secrets), and even to authorised someone else to a limitless number of people. 

These are the classifications of muqaddam, but to be a true, a worthy, or deserved muqaddam.....There are certain criteria and sublime qualities that you must possess.


24 QUALITIES OF A TRUE MUQADAM

Sheikh Muhammad Al Ameen Ash Shafi'iy stated 24 qualities of A muqaddam in his book entitled "Tanweerul Qulub fi mu'amilat Al Allamul ghuyub" (llluminating the heart in the relation with the knower of the Unseen (Allah)).

The author said there are 24 qualities that a muqaddam must observe they are:-

1-You must become an Alim/Scholar with both Fiqhu(Islamic Jurisprudence), Aqaa'id (Fundamental Principles of Islam), at least he can be able to differentiate some shubhaat that can occur to a murid(follower/disciple) in his beginning, so that he will not go fetch another muqaddam (who is learned). 

2. He must know the completeness of Hearts, the evil of Soul(Nafs), and its weaknesses....and the methodology of how to cure them all.

3. He must have pity on all the muslims, most especially his mureeds. If he sees that they engage in evil and they can remove themselves from it...he should call and do Naseeha (Advice)them in a polite manner. -Allah says “Ud'uu ilaa sabeel Rabbika bil hikmati wal mau'izatul hasanah(Call unto the way of your Lord with Wisdom and Gentle/Good Preaching)".

He should not curse them due to their evils. Rather, he must continuously treat them in a polite manner without bias.

4. He should not admire anything from the wealth of his mureed.

5-He should make sure he doesn't engage in any bad things...before calling people (away) from it.

6. He must make sure his preaching is based on shari'a(islamic law) and fiqh at-tariqah (jurisprudence of the spiritual path).

7. He must not put his personal interest in his sermon to mureeds.

8. He should not impose on them burden/amount of money or anything that they can not afford...and he should not leave his presence in “inbisaat(simplicity)" or "inqibaadh(harshness)".

And, all the time with them...you must give them some little imtihaan(examination).

9. If he sees among his mureed he can't control his jazbu(spiritual attraction) with him, he should put him in khalwa....(But that khalwa should not be for many days and not few days).

10. If he sees that mureed is going out of shari'ah after all the nasseha(advice)he gives...he should be more assertive and stern in warning him (fayanbaghi lahu an yusarrifhu bi rfqin)

11. He should not be tired...in his Guidance (Irshaad).

12. If a mureed dreams, or see something via unveiling(mukashaafa) and tells him, he should not tell the mureed all the excellence of that dream or kashfu....rather to give him some Work (Amal) and Secrets(Asrar) that will protect him against the imtihaan(test) of that level he acquired and the work that will uplift him to the next rank....because when he tells him everything he may sees himself (with pride), which is bad.

13. He must be a person that will forbid his mureed from narrating to others the miracles (karamats) he acquired...because shaitan can do his work in their heart...(La taqsus ru'uyaka ala ikhwatika fayakidu laka kaida/do not reveal your dream to your brothers, or else they will arrange a plot against you). He should urge them...to hide their sirr(secret) and that, with time shall come will burst it out.

14. He must (at times) observe khalwa(total seclusion) or riyaadha(semi-seclusion) for him to be closer to Allah all the time....and for his light to increase.

15. He must put his mureed in heart to the extent that if anything Bad happens to the mureed he (naturally) feels it, as if he was the one it happened to.

16. He should not eat too much with his mureed...because he is the role model of the mureed.

17. He should forbid his mureed not to visit other auliyas/saints of another tariqah (with the intention of seeking blessing).

18. He shld be organizing time with mureeds teaching them some basic books of hadith, tafseer, fiqh, and tasawwuf.

19. He should not beg from diplomats or kings, he should beg/ask from Allah...because his mureed will follow his foot steps. "Man sanna sunnatan sayyi'atan fa'alaihi wazraha wa wazra man amila biha" - Muslim and Tirmidhi

20. He must talk with them, in respectful manners and words, not arrogantly.

21. If mureed calls him, he should Answer him with patience.

22. If he sits down with the murideen(murids), he should sit in good manner and attentiveness, he should not sleep in front of them, and he should not raise his voice with them, because in reality they will be copying all your attitudes.

-If any thing comes to your mind via (waarid), you should first measure it with shar'iah, if it's equivalent to it,  It's nice(fani'ima),if not you should know that there is waarid ash-shaitan (satanic misconception).

23. If mureed comes to your place in an inconvenient time, you should not show it in your face....And if you are going to your mureed's place you should go there at a convenient time.

24. If you spend many days and you didn't see one of your mureedeen(murids), it's compulsory for you to ask after their whereabout, and the reason why he is absent in the zawiyyah, then if he is ill visit him, if he seeks your help then help him, as much as possible.

SUMMARY:- In conclusion, A muqaddam must uphold the sunnah of Rasulillah (saw).

And once, the khalifa at Tijaniyyah of Ebira land As Sayyid Ash Sheikh Ahmad Rufa'i added a point to these 24 qualities.

25. A good Mukaddam receives visitors (especially the learned ones) with utmost respect and hospitality. He is humble before his visitors and treat them like kings. He doesn't maltreat his visitors before his disciples, rather he raise their maqam in order for his disciples not to look down on the visitor.


Sayyidi Aliyyu Uthman Bashir Niasse


Written by: Sayyidi Aliyyu Uthman Bashir Niasse (Otori ozodu)

   




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1. Vessel of Spiritual Flood, Translation of Goran Faydah by Shaykh Balarabe Haroon Jega - (Translated by Khalifah Awwal Baba Taofiq)

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